Enhancing the notification system for surveillance of infectious diseases in Qatar during the FIFA World Cup 2022: project overview.

BACKGROUND: In 2022, the Surveillance Department of the Ministry of Public Health in Qatar adopted an integrated project called the Notification Enhancement Project (NEP) to enhance the infectious disease notification system. Efficient surveillance and notification promote early alerts and allow immediate interference in reducing morbidity and mortality from outbreaks. The project was designed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and notification processes of healthcare workers in Qatar by increasing their reporting rates. METHODS: The strategy for comprehensively enhancing notifications was based on the observation and evaluation of the current notification system, the implementation of interventions, and post-evaluation follow-up. To implement the project, we relied on three aspects: effective methods used in previous relevant studies through a literature review, feedback received from healthcare workers, and suggestions from public health surveillance experts from the Ministry of Public Health, Qatar. A preassessment was conducted through an online survey by the Ministry of Public Health. The effectiveness of the different interventions was assessed by analyzing the data of notified patients reported through the Disease Surveillance and Reporting Electronic System. Pre- and postintervention assessments were performed by comparing the percentage of patients notified by healthcare providers with that of patients confirmed by healthcare providers in the laboratory to compare the notification rates over three time periods between January and December 2022. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in the infectious disease notification process. A comparison before and after the implementation of the interventions revealed an increase in the communicable disease notification rate among healthcare workers. Pre- and postintervention data were compared. Infectious disease notification activities by healthcare workers increased from 2.5% between January and May 2022 to 41.4% between November and December 2022. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the efficiency of different interventions in correcting the underreporting of infectious diseases. Our findings suggest that implementing the Notification Enhancement Project significantly improves notification rates. We recommend continuing interventions through constant education and training, maintaining solid communication with HCWs through regular reminder emails and feedback, periodic assessment of the electronic notification system, and engagement of healthcare workers and other stakeholders to sustain and expand progress achieved through continuous evaluation.

Inventory study on completeness of tuberculosis case notifications in Poland in 2018.

BackgroundEvaluating tuberculosis (TB) notification completeness is important for monitoring TB surveillance systems, while estimating the TB disease burden is crucial for control strategies.AimWe conducted an inventory study to assess TB reporting completeness in Poland in 2018.MethodsUsing a double-pronged inventory approach, we compared notifications of culture-positive TB cases in the National TB Register to records of diagnostic laboratories. We calculated under-reporting both with observed and capture-recapture (CRC)-estimated case numbers. We further compared the notifications by region (i.e. voivodship), sex, and age to aggregated data from hospitalised TB patients, which provided an independent estimate of reporting completeness.ResultsIn 2018, 4,075 culture-positive TB cases were notified in Poland, with 3,789 linked to laboratory records. Laboratories reported further 534 TB patients, of whom 456 were linked to notifications from 2017 or 2019. Thus, 78 (534 - 456) cases were missing in the National TB Register, yielding an observed TB under-reporting of 1.9% (78/(4,075 + 78) × 100). CRC-modelled total number of cases in 2018 was 4,176, corresponding to 2.4% ((4,176 - 4,075)/4,176 × 100) under-reporting. Based on aggregated hospitalisation data from 13 of 16 total voivodeships, under-reporting was 5.1% (3,482/(3,670 - 3,482) × 100), similar in both sexes but varying between voivodeships and age groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the surveillance system captures ≥ 90% of estimated TB cases in Poland; thus, the notification rate is a good proxy for the diagnosed TB incidence in Poland. Reporting delays causing discrepancies between data sources could be improved by the planned change from a paper-based to a digital reporting system.

Relatório do Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital Estadual de Luziânia de janeiro a dezembro de 2023 / Report from the Epidemiological Surveillance Center of the Luziânia State Hospital from January to December 2023

Relatório mensal epidemiológico das atribuições realizadas pelo Núcleo Hospitalar de Epidemiologia do Hospital Estadual de Luziânia, janeiro a dezembro 2023, que tem como objetivo implementar e gerir a estratégia de vigilância epidemiológica hospitalar, por meio de monitoramentos, assessorias e promoções de capacitações, analisa e avalia a detecção das doenças, agravos e eventos de saúde pública de notificação compulsória

Monthly epidemiological report on the tasks carried out by the Hospital Nucleus of Epidemiology of the Hospital Estadual de Luziânia, January to December 2023, which aims to implement and manage the hospital epidemiological surveillance strategy, through monitoring, consultancy and training promotions, analyzes and evaluates the detection of diseases, conditions and health events public compulsory notification

Teenager Perspectives on COVID Alert, a Digital Exposure Notification App in Canada.

PURPOSE: COVID Alert is an exposure notification app deployed in Canada to help limit the spread of COVID-19. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in Québec, Canada. The questionnaire was codesigned with patients and members of the public. It assessed the perspectives of teenagers aged 15-17 years old. RESULTS: Among 237 respondents, 27% had downloaded the COVID Alert app. Friends and relatives constituted the largest influence for app download. The most frequently reported concerns included threats to privacy, confidentiality, cybersecurity, and geolocalization. Among nonusers, having more social contacts and evidence demonstrating effectiveness would have motivated app download. Individual factors associated with download included high concern about the pandemic and high self-perceived app knowledge. DISCUSSION: Future digital health interventions should engage teenagers in developing tools that promote social acceptance and responsible use in this group.

Trends and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Brazil / Tendência e distribuição espacial da hepatite B em gestantes no Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the trend and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Brazil. Methods: ecological study based on all notified cases of hepatitis B in pregnant women through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases - Sinan between 2009 and 2018. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection rates were calculated in all municipalities. Spatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran Index for global data and local indicators of spatial association (Lisa) for the 5,570 municipalities. For trend analysis by State, the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model was used. Results: 15,253 pregnant women with HBV were reported. High detection rates were observed in the municipalities of São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68.96/1000 live births (LB)), Araguaiana-MT (68.18/1000 LB), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT (80, 00/1,000 LB), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 LB), Porto Mauá-RS (111, 11/1000 LB), in the respective bienniums. Moran (I) (I=0.056) showed a positive spatial association. In Lisa, 78 municipalities were included in the high-high cluster, 51.28% in the South region and 48 in the low-low cluster with 72.91% in the Southeast. There was an increasing trend in Maranhão (p=0.004) and Pernambuco (p=0.007) and a decrease in Mato Grosso (p=0.012), Paraná (p=0.031) and Santa Catarina (p=0.008). Conclusion: the detection of hepatitis B in pregnant women was observed in most Brazilian municipalities, with an increasing trend in two states and a decrease in three others.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a tendência e distribuição espacial da hepatite B em gestantes no Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico a partir de todos os casos notificados de hepatite B em gestantes pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - Sinan entre 2009 e 2018. Foram calculadas as taxas de detecção do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) em todos os municípios. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio do Índice Global de Moran para os dados globais e os indicadores locais de associação espacial (Lisa) para os 5.570 municípios. Para análise de tendências por Estado, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: foram notificadas 15.253 gestantes com HBV. Observou-se altas taxas de detecção nos municípios de São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68,96/1000 Nascidos vivos (NV)), Araguaiana-MT (68,18/1000 NV), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT(80,00/1.000 NV), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 NV), Porto Mauá-RS (111,11/1000 NV), nos respectivos biênios. Moran (I) (I=0,056) apresentou associação espacial positiva. No Lisa observou-se 78 municípios inserido no cluster alto-alto, sendo 51,28%na região Sul e 48 no cluster baixo-baixo com 72,91% no Sudeste. Verificou-se tendência crescente no Maranhão (p=0,004) e Pernambuco (p=0,007) e diminuição no Mato Grosso (p=0,012), Paraná (p=0,031) e Santa Catarina (p=0,008). Conclusão: Observou-se a detecção de hepatite B em gestantes na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, com tendência crescente em dois estados e diminuição em outros três.

Completeness and Timeliness of Reporting Notifiable Medical Events, U.S. Military Active Component and Other DOD Beneficiaries, 2018-2022.

Complete and timely reporting of notifiable medical conditions among the Department of Defense (DOD) beneficiary population is important for the control of communicable and preventable diseases and injuries. The Defense Medical Surveillance System was used to identify all hospital and ambulatory care encounters during 2018-2022 for which a notifiable medical condition was indicated among active component service members as well as all other DOD beneficiaries. Inci-dent cases with diagnoses of DOD-notifiable medical conditions were matched with reportable medical events entered through the Disease Reporting System internet (DRSi). During the study period, 61.2% of notifiable hospitalized cases and 65.5% of notifiable ambulatory care cases at a military hospital or clinic among active component service members were reported. Among other beneficiaries treated at a military hospital or clinic, only 15.2% of notifiable hospitalized cases and 22.1% of notifiable ambulatory care cases were reported to DRSi. Reporting percentages were much lower for care at outsourced facilities, regardless of the population. The timeliness of reporting for active component service members fluctuated annually, but in both 2018 and 2022, 64.2% of notifiable cases at a military hospital were reported within 1 week. For ambulatory care cases, timeliness of reporting decreased over time, with 50.1% reported within 1 week in 2018 and 43.3% in 2022. A total of 1,306 hospitalized and 100,163 ambulatory incident cases for notifiable medical conditions among active component service members occurred from January 2018 to December 2022. Reporting of these events though the DRSi (Disease Reporting System Internet) increased since the last report in 2015, but timeliness decreased. Data on other beneficiaries and outsourced care facilities were added to the analysis for this report. Improvements to reporting and timeliness of active component service member notifiable medical conditions is needed to effectively track and mitigate communicable diseases and preventable injuries. Although reporting currently is not required for all non-service member beneficiaries, they present another source of communicable diseases that could affect disease among service members, making them a potential population for report consideration.

Epidemiological characteristics and temporal-spatial clustering analysis on human brucellosis in Jiangsu Province, 2006-2021.

The marked increase in the incidence rate of brucellosis is a serious public health concern in Jiangsu Province. However, its temporal and spatial distribution has not been studied in depth. The main purpose of this study is to depict the demographic, temporal and spatial distribution patterns and clustering characteristics of brucellosis cases in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2006 to 2021 to develop and implement effective scientific prevention and control strategies. Data for human brucellosis cases in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2021 were obtained from the Nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System (NIDRIS). Spatial autocorrelation analysis and temporal-spatial scan statistics were used to identify potential changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of human brucellosis in Jiangsu Province. During the years 2006-2021, 1347 brucellosis cases were reported in Jiangsu Province, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.1036 per 100,000 individuals. Middle-aged and elderly individuals (aged 40-69 years) were the main infected populations, accounting for 69.72% (939/1347) of all reported cases. The incidence of brucellosis in Jiangsu showed a long-term increasing trend and displayed pronounced seasonal variations, with the peak occurring between April and June annually. The incidence gradually expanded from the northern and southern areas to the central areas between 2006 and 2021. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation in the incidence of brucellosis between 2008 and 2012-2021. Temporal-spatial clustering analysis showed that the primary cluster was detected in the northern, highly endemic regions of Jiangsu, and the three secondary clusters were in areas where there had been outbreaks of brucellosis. Human brucellosis remains a serious public health issue in Jiangsu Province. Northern and southern Jiangsu regions, with high rates of brucellosis, may require special plans and measures to monitor and control the disease. Additionally, the capacity to respond to outbreaks in high-incidence areas should be improved to prevent further brucellosis outbreaks.

Data analysis of zoonoses notifications in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations in Australia 1996-2021: implications for One Health.

Introduction: Zoonoses are a health concern for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia that face elevated risk of disease related to the environment and animals. Internationally, One Health is encouraged to effectively manage zoonoses by taking integrated approaches involving animal, human, and environmental health sectors to improve health outcomes. However, Australia's health systems manage zoonotic diseases in animals and people separately which does not support a One Health approach. For the effective management of zoonoses, a strong evidence base and database regarding the epidemiology of zoonotic pathogens is needed. However, we currently lack this evidence limiting our understanding of the impact of zoonoses on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Methods: As a first step towards building the evidence base, we undertook a descriptive analysis of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander zoonotic notifications in Australia from 1996 to 2021. We presented notifications as annual notification rates per 100,000 population, and percentages of notifications by state, remoteness, sex, and age group. Results: Salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis were the most notified zoonoses with the highest annual notification rates of 99.75 and 87.46 per 100,000 population, respectively. The north of Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia), remote and outer regional areas, and young children (0-4 years of age) had the highest percentages of notifications. Discussion: To our knowledge, these findings are the first national presentation of the epidemiology of zoonoses within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. A greater understanding of transmission, prevalence and impact of zoonoses on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (including animal and environmental health factors) is required to inform their effective management through a One Health approach.

Enhanced surveillance of notifications of hepatitis C to Queensland Health up to 19 years previously.

In this study we aimed to assess the utility of following up historical hepatitis C notifications for enhanced surveillance and linking cases to further testing and treatment. Queensland hepatitis C notifications from June 2018, 2013, 2008 and 2003 who were not incarcerated at the time of testing were followed up. The most recent identified clinicians for cases were contacted by telephone. When no information about a current clinician was available, the case was contacted via a letter or text message. Clinicians and cases were encouraged to pursue further testing and treatment and provide information about management. Following notification but prior to this study's follow-up, a majority of cases (309/532; 58%) had a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test or underwent treatment.Clinician follow-up was successful in 21% of eligible cases, with the proportion decreasing with increasing time since notification. In conclusion, contacting clinicians to link notified cases to further testing and treatment may increase testing and treatment in a small proportion of cases notified up to nine years post-notification. From our experience, the follow-up of notifications before this time is unlikely to result in improved outcomes.

Disease alert system in trouble.

Money woes and staff strike threaten ProMED dispatches.

Exposure notification system activity as a leading indicator for SARS-COV-2 caseload forecasting.

PURPOSE: Digital methods to augment traditional contact tracing approaches were developed and deployed globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. These "Exposure Notification (EN)" systems present new opportunities to support public health interventions. To date, there have been attempts to model the impact of such systems, yet no reports have explored the value of real-time system data for predictive epidemiological modeling. METHODS: We investigated the potential to short-term forecast COVID-19 caseloads using data from California's implementation of the Google Apple Exposure Notification (GAEN) platform, branded as CA Notify. CA Notify is a digital public health intervention leveraging resident's smartphones for anonymous EN. We extended a published statistical model that uses prior case counts to investigate the possibility of predicting short-term future case counts and then added EN activity to test for improved forecast performance. Additional predictive value was assessed by comparing the pandemic forecasting models with and without EN activity to the actual reported caseloads from 1-7 days in the future. RESULTS: Observation of time series presents noticeable evidence for temporal association of system activity and caseloads. Incorporating earlier ENs in our model improved prediction of the caseload counts. Using Bayesian inference, we found nonzero influence of EN terms with probability one. Furthermore, we found a reduction in both the mean absolute percentage error and the mean squared prediction error, the latter of at least 5% and up to 32% when using ENs over the model without. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary investigation suggests smartphone based ENs can significantly improve the accuracy of short-term forecasting. These predictive models can be readily deployed as local early warning systems to triage resources and interventions.

Implementing and Maintaining a SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Notification Application for Mobile Phones: The Finnish Experience.

Exposure notification applications (ENAs) or digital proximity tracing apps were used in several countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this viewpoint, we share our experience of implementing and running the Finnish ENA (Koronavilkku), one of the national ENAs with the highest proportion of users during the pandemic. With the aim of strengthening public trust and increasing app uptake, there was a strong prioritization of privacy and data security for the end user throughout the ENA development. This, in turn, limited the use of the app as a tool for health care professionals and deeper insight into its potential effectiveness. The ENA was designed to supplement conventional contact tracing, rather than replace it, and to serve as an early warning system and a trigger for action for the user in case of potential exposure. The predefined target of 40% uptake in the population was achieved within 3 months of the ENA launch. We consider easy-to-understand information produced together with communication experts crucial during the changing pandemic situation. This information educated people about the app as one component in mitigating the pandemic. As the pandemic and its mitigation evolved, the ENA also needed adapting and updating. A few months after its launch, Finland joined European interoperability, which allowed the ENA to share information with ENAs of other countries. We added automatic token issuing to the ENA as of mid-2021. If added earlier and more comprehensively, automatization could have more effectively saved resources in health care services and prevented overburdening contact tracing teams, while also notifying potentially exposed individuals quicker and more reliably. In the spring of 2021, the number of active apps started to gradually decline. Quarantine and testing practices for asymptomatic vaccinated individuals following exposure to the virus were eased and home tests became more common, eventually replacing laboratory testing for much of the population. Taken together, this led to decreased token issuance, which weakened the potential public health usefulness of the app. A self-service option for token issuance would likely have prolonged the lifespan of the app. The ENA was discontinued in mid-2022. Regularly conducted surveys would have helped gain timely knowledge on the use and effectiveness of the app for better responding to the changing needs during the pandemic.

Influence of COVID-19 on the notification of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis cases.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process of diagnosis and monitoring of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in the state of Paraná, Brazil, from 2015 to 2020. METHODS: Ecological study with quantitative approach. This study was based on diagnosed cases of pulmonary TB reported in the Notifiable Disease Information System in residents of Paraná; as well as through the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state epidemiological bulletin for the year 2020. The study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: It was found that, although the number of reported pulmonary TB cases (drug-resistant and general) increased between 2015 and 2019, there was a drop in notification in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The notification of TB cases was also influenced monthly during the year according to the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. For cases of drug-resistant pulmonary TB, the provision of diagnostic tests and Directly Observed Treatment decreased by more than half in 2020, especially when compared to 2019. CONCLUSIONS: In view of these findings, the influence of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and monitoring of drug-resistant and general pulmonary TB cases is evident, showing that the pandemic has compromised the advances of recent decades in achieving the goals established for its eradication by 2035.

Evaluation of completeness and timeliness of data in the National Information System for Notifiable Diseases for spotted fever in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2007-2017.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the completeness and timeliness of notifications of cases of spotted fever (SF) held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN) in São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017. METHODS: this was a descriptive and ecological study of confirmed human cases of SF regarding completeness and timeliness of ten fields of the notification form (good if ≥ 90% for most variables); time series analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten technique. RESULTS: we analyzed 736 records; among essential fields, only "Discharge date" showed poor completeness (68.5%). Timeliness was good for the "Investigation" and "Closure" fields; other time lapses were not adequate. CONCLUSION: in São Paulo state, data completeness was good for most variables, whereas timeliness was not adequate (except for "Closure" and "Investigation"), pointing to the need for health education and communication actions about SF.

Saúde em Dados / Health in data

O Boletim CEInfo "Saúde em Dados" é uma publicação em formato eletrônico com periodicidade anual e de livre acesso editado pela Coordenação de Epidemiologia e Informação (CEInfo) da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de São Paulo (SMS-SP). O documento é apresentado em dois formatos: uma versão em PDF para consulta e download e outra em formato aberto com conteúdo das diferentes unidades territoriais/administrativas do Município de São Paulo ­ Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde/Supervisão Técnica de Saúde e Subprefeitura. O "Saúde em Dados" foi criado para promover a disseminação de dados sobre nascimentos, mortes e adoecimento da população paulistana, além da estrutura de estabelecimentos/serviços da rede SUS e sua produção assistencial com o objetivo de contribuir com a organização das ações de saúde no Município. Desde 2021, são apresentados os registros de síndrome gripal (SG), síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) e óbitos decorrentes da pandemia de Covid-19. Na sua 22ª edição, foram incluídos a proporção de nascidos vivos com anomalias congênitas prioritárias segundo definição do Ministério da Saúde, além de alguns agravos de notificação compulsória: doenças e agravos relacionados ao trabalho (DART), acidentes e violências. Os coeficientes foram calculados com a projeção da população residente em 2022 e padronizados por idade com base na população residente de 2020 do Município de São Paulo. Como destaque e a partir desta edição, são apresentados indicadores de mortalidade segundo sexo biológico para as doenças isquêmicas do coração, doenças cerebrovasculares, diabetes mellitus, câncer de pulmão e câncer colorretal. As informações podem ser utilizadas na produção de análises sobre a situação de saúde e de apoio aos gestores, trabalhadores e demais interessados em discutir as ações e políticas de saúde na cidade de São Paulo. Assim qualquer pessoa pode acessar estes conteúdos e utilizá-los com diferentes finalidades e formatos, sendo necessária apenas a preservação da sua origem e citação da fonte. Espera-se que esta publicação cumpra sua finalidade como mais um instrumento público de divulgação de informações de saúde, de apoio aos gestores e à participação social do SUS na cidade de São Paulo.

Documento Técnico: Plan de prevención y control del Dengue Julio-Diciembre 2023 / Technical Document: Dengue Prevention and Control Plan July-December 2023

El documento contiene el plan para contribuir con la reducción de la transmisión y la morbimortalidad por dengue mediante intervenciones integrales de salud a nivel multisectorial coordinadas por el Ministerio de Salud.

Factors associated with post-mortem notification of tuberculosis cases in Brazil, 2014. / Fatores associados à notificação pós-óbito de casos de tuberculose no Brasil, 2014.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.6 million deaths and 10.6 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported worldwide in 2021. If treated opportunely with the recommended therapy, 85% of patients with TB are healed. The occurrence of death from TB without prior notification of the disease indicates failure in the timely access to this effective treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify TB cases with post-mortem notification in Brazil. This is a nested case-control study using a cohort of new TB cases reported to the Braziliam Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN). This study analyzed the following variables: selected characteristics of the individual (gender, age, race/color, education), the municipality (Municipality Human Development Index - M-HDI, poverty rate, size, region, and municipality), health services, and underlying or associated cause of death. Logistic regression was estimated using a hierarchical analysis model. People with TB aged 60 years or older (OR = 1.43), with low educational level (OR = 1.67), and with malnutrition (OR = 5.54), living in municipalities with low M-HDI and medium population size (OR = 1.26), located in the North Region of Brazil (OR = 2.42) had a higher chance of post-mortem notification. Protective factors were HIV-TB coinfection (OR = 0.75), malignant neoplasms (OR = 0.62), and living in cities with broad primary care coverage (OR = 0.79). Vulnerable populations should be prioritized in order to address the obstacles to the access to TB diagnosis and treatment in Brazil.

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), estima-se que 1,6 milhão de mortes e 10,6 milhões de casos de tuberculose (TB) ocorreram no mundo em 2021. Quando a doença é oportunamente tratada com o esquema terapêutico recomendado, 85% dos pacientes se curam. A ocorrência de óbito por TB sem notificação anterior denuncia falhas no acesso ao tratamento oportuno e efetivo. Sendo assim, este estudo objetivou caracterizar os casos de TB notificados pós-óbito no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo caso-controle aninhado na coorte de casos novos de TB notificados ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As variáveis analisadas foram: características selecionadas do indivíduo (sexo, idade, raça/cor, escolaridade), do município (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal - IDH-M, taxa de pobreza, porte municipal, região e município), dos serviços de saúde e causa básica ou associada de morte. Foi estimada regressão logística respeitando um modelo de análise hierárquico. Pessoas com TB de 60 anos de idade ou mais (OR = 1,43), de baixa escolaridade (OR = 1,67), com desnutrição (OR = 5,54), residentes em municípios com baixo IDH-M, de porte populacional médio (OR = 1,26), na Região Norte (OR = 2,42) apresentaram maior chance de notificação pós-óbito. Fatores protetores foram coinfecção HIV-TB (OR = 0,75), neoplasias malignas (OR = 0,62) e residência em municípios com alta cobertura de atenção básica (OR = 0,79). A priorização das populações vulneráveis é necessária para enfrentar as dificuldades de acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento da TB no Brasil.

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que en 2021 se produjeron 1,6 millones de muertes por tuberculosis (TB) y 10,6 millones de casos de esta afección por todo el mundo. Si los pacientes siguen el tratamiento recomendado para la TB, un 85% logran la cura. Las muertes por TB sin notificación previa de caso indican fallas en el acceso a este tratamiento oportuno y efectivo. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los casos de TB que tuvieron notificación posterior a la muerte en Brasil. Este es un estudio de caso-control anidado dentro de la cohorte de nuevos casos de TB informados al Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria (SINAN). Las siguientes variables fueron analizadas: características seleccionadas del individuo (sexo, edad, etnia/color, nivel de instrucción) y del municipio (Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal -IDH-M, tasa de pobreza, tamaño del municipio, región y municipio), servicios de salud y condiciones y causa de la muerte o su asociación. La regresión logística se estimó desde un modelo de análisis jerárquico. Las personas con TB de 60 años o más (OR = 1,43), con bajo nivel de instrucción (OR = 1,67), con desnutrición (OR = 5,54), residentes en municipios con bajo IDH-M, de tamaño poblacional medio (OR = 1,26) y en la Región Norte (OR = 2,42) tuvieron mayor probabilidad de notificación posterior a la muerte. Los factores protectores fueron la coinfección VIH-TB (OR = 0,75), neoplasias malignas (OR = 0,62) y vivir en ciudades con alta cobertura de atención primaria (OR = 0,79). Es necesario priorizar las poblaciones vulnerables para enfrentar las dificultades de acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la TB en Brasil.